![]() ![]() It’s very unlikely that anyone would ever be poisoned with ricin by accident. It can be made as a liquid, a dry powder, or crystals. It comes from the beans of the castor plant, which are also used to make castor oil. Download PDF version formatted for print: Ricin - English (PDF).What should I do if I think I may have been exposed to ricin? Why is ricin considered a possible terror weapon? doi: 10.1084/jem.1.Can people be protected against ricin poisoning?Ĭan you get ricin poisoning from other people? Mannose receptor and its putative ligands in normal murine lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs: In situ expression of mannose receptor by selected macrophages, endothelial cells, perivascular microglia, and mesangial cells, but not dendritic cells. Linehan S.A., Martínez-Pomares L., Stahl P.D., Gordon S. Cell surface and intracellular functions for ricin galactose binding. Newton D.L., Wales R., Richardson P.T., Walbridge S., Saxena S.K., Ackerman E.J., Roberts L.M., Lord J.M., Youle R.J. Multiple intracellular pathways for a chain translocation. ![]() Mannose receptor-mediated uptake of ricin toxin and ricin A chain by macrophages. Quantitative profiling of the in vivo enzymatic activity of ricin reveals disparate depurination of different pulmonary cell types. Inhalation toxicology of ricin preparations: Animal models, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to protection. Understanding the variables and comparative aspects of acute and chronic ricin toxicity by inhalation is important to enable meaningful comparison of results from different studies, and for the investigation of medical countermeasures.Ĭomparative anatomy comparative pathology inhalation ricin. To understand their potential clinical significance, these factors need to be considered when choosing a model for chronic ricin toxicity by inhalation, including species and strain susceptibility to fibrosis, time it takes for fibrosis to develop, the nature of the fibrosis (e.g., self-limiting, progressive, persistent or resolving) and ensuring that the analysis truly represents fibrosis. There are advantages and disadvantages to the different models of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis may follow acute lung injury in survivors. Chronic pathology of ricin toxicity by inhalation, associated with sublethal challenge or lethal challenge and treatment with medical countermeasures, has received less attention in the literature. The model species and strain used represent other significant sources of variation, including differences in macro- and microscopic anatomy, cell biology and function, and immunology. Methodological variation is evident, including method of exposure, breathing parameters during exposure, aerosol characteristics, sampling protocols, ricin cultivar, purity and challenge dose and study duration. This paper reviews the published literature and some of our own unpublished data and describes some of the possible reasons for this variation. The toxicity and associated pathology described in animal models are broadly similar, but variation appears to exist. The pathogenesis of ricin toxicity following inhalation has been investigated in many animal models, including the non-human primate (predominantly the rhesus macaque), pig, rabbit and rodent. ![]()
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